NEPHRITIS (BRIGHTS DISEASE)
Definition
IS DEFINED AS INFLAMMATION OF KIDNEY ( RENAL CELLS ) CHARACTERISED BY RENAL COLIC AND WHICH RESULTS IN DELETERIOUS EFFECT ON HEALTH OF ANIMAL.
DOG, ONCE EFFECTED WITH NEPHRITIS, SEQUELAE IS DEATH.
![Nephritis In Dogs Nephritis In Dogs](https://vetstudyhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/WhatsApp-Image-2019-09-24-at-22.16.23-6.jpeg)
YOUR URINE VOLUME NOT ONLY ESTIMATES YOUR WATER INTAKE BUT ALSO KIDNEY FUNCTION
ONCE IT GET DIFFICULT TO URINATE , NEEDS HIGH CARE AND ATTENTION
KEEP IN MIND THAT MALE DOG USED TO URINATE BY LIFTQING ONE OF THE HIND LIMB AND PREFER TO URINATE IN A JET FASHION OVER ANY TREE WALL BITCHES URINATE IN SQUATTING POSTURE
Classification
IT IS OF TWO TYPES
- SUPPURATIVE: PYEMIC-NEPHRITIS AND PYELO-NEPHRITIS
- NON SUPPURATIVE: GLOMERULAR NEPHRITIS, TUBULAR NEPHRITIS AND INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
IN CASE OF DOG OR PETS INTERSTITIAL AND GLOMERULAR ARE COMMONLY SEEN
ETIOLOGY :
![Nephritis In Dogs Nephritis In Dogs](https://vetstudyhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/WhatsApp-Image-2019-09-24-at-22.16.23-1.jpeg)
- FOOD AND WATER QUALITY
- BACTERIA : E.COLI, LEPTOSPIRA
- VIRUS: ICH
- PARASITE: DIACTOPHYMA RENALE
- OTHERS: METRITIS, PYOMETRA, BRONCHOPNEUMONIA, CYSTITIS, PROSTATITIS, CHRONIC PERITONITIS, AND CHRONIC INFECTIONS.
- DRUGS: AMINOGLYCOSIDES, NEPHROTOXIC AGENTS, LEAD, ARSENATE, SULPHONAMIDE, MERCURY, AMPHOTERICIN B, AND PARACETAMOL
PATHOGENESIS :
GLOMERULAR NEPHRITIS:
- INFECTION MAY SPREAD FROM DESCENDING AND ASCENDING SITE
- STASIS OF URINE RESULTS IN ACCUMULATION OF MICROBES ALONG URINARY TRACT
- THROUGH EMBOLI OR BLOOD BORNE , IT MAY RESULTS IN OCCURENCE OF NEPHRITIS
- MAYBE DUE TO AUTOIMMUNE ACTIVITY
INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS:
- INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS: VERY COMMON
- CHRONIC FORM IS ALWAYS SEQULAE TO ACUTE FORM
- PATHOGENESIS: PERIVASCULAR PERIGLOMERULAR INTERTUBULAR INFILTRATIONS,
- KIDNEY PARENCHYMA UNDERGOES INFLAMMATORY CHANGES,
- BLOCKS TUBULES OF KIDNEY WITH CELLULAR INFILTRATIONS
![Nephritis In Dogs Nephritis In Dogs](https://vetstudyhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/WhatsApp-Image-2019-09-24-at-22.16.23-3.jpeg)
CLINICAL SIGNS :
GLOMERULAR NEPHRITIS:
- INFLAMMATION OF GLOMERULI LEADS TO CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE.
- DULL AND DEPRESSED
- SLIGHT RISE OF TEMPERATURE.
- POLYDISPIA
- PUFFY EYELIDS
- MUSCLE WASTAGE
- PROTEINURIA
- VOMITING
- AZOTEMIA
- DRY SKIN COAT
INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS:
- LACK OF APPETITE
- POLYUREA AND POLYDISPIA
- BREATH IS UNPLEASANT
- TEETH, GUM, TONGUE COATED WITH REDDISH BROWN SCUM
- ARCHING OF BACK AND STIFF GAIT
- LUMBAR REGION PAIN
- PULSE IS QUICK BOUNDING
- CHRONIC CASES IT BECOME THIN AND EMACIATED
- SIGNS OF DEHYDRATION
- OCCASIONAL VOMITION
- SIGNS OF URAEMIA
![Nephritis In Dogs Nephritis In Dogs](https://vetstudyhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/WhatsApp-Image-2019-09-24-at-22.16.23-4.jpeg)
DIAGNOSIS:
GLOMERULAR NEPHRITIS:
- examination of Urine
- PROTEINURIA
- Proper history
- Hematology: HYOPROTEINEMIA DUE TO HYPOALBUMINAEMIA, HYPERPROTEINAEMIA DUE TO HYPERGLOBINAEMIA, NORMOCYTIC NORMOCHROMIC ANAEMIA
- BIOCHEMISTRY : HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA
- AZOTEMIA
- URINE STUDY : PROTEINURIA
- PROTEIN INDEX : URINE = PROTEIN/ CREATININE RATIO>1 UPL = 1.42 + 22.12 × UP/C
- RENAL BIOPSY
![Nephritis In Dogs Nephritis In Dogs](https://vetstudyhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/WhatsApp-Image-2019-09-24-at-22.16.23-5.jpeg)
INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS:
- POLYUREA AND POLY DYSPIA
- ACUTE: URINE HAVE HIGH SPECIFIC GRAVITY, ALBUMIN, RENAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, WBC, RBC, CASTS IN URINE.
- CHRONIC: LOW SPECIFIC GRAVITY, LESS CELLULAR DEPOSITION.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:
GLOMERULAR NEPHRITIS:
- AMYLOIDOSIS: AMYLOID DEPOSITS WILL TAKE GREENISH APPEARANCE UPON STAINED WITH CONGORED
- NEPHRITIS : LUMOY BUMPY DEPOSITS OF Immuno Globulins & COMPLEMENTS MAY BE OBSERVED PROLIFERATION OF MESANGIAL CELLS HYPERCELLULARITY IN BASEMENT MEMBRANE GLOMERULUS SCLEROSIS
INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS:
Chronic Interstitial nephritis | Diabetes mellitus | Diabetes insipidus |
Kidney is affected | Islets of pancreas | post. pituitary gland |
specific gravity is low | high | low |
Casts- very few | nil | nil |
Sugar- nil | present | nil |
Uraemia- present | nil | nil |
Differentiation between glomerular and interstitial nephritis:
![Nephritis In Dogs Nephritis In Dogs](https://vetstudyhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/WhatsApp-Image-2019-09-24-at-22.16.23-2.jpeg)
Parameter | Glomerular Nephritis | Interstitial Nephritis |
Urine Volume | Low | More |
Specific Gravity | more | low |
Urinary sediment | casts | few casts and WBC |
Protein & Urea | More | Low |
Anemia | Moderate | High |
TREATMENT:
GLOMERULAR NEPHRITIS:
- CASES WITHOUT NEPHROTIC SIGNS MAY BE OFFERED PROTEIN OF HIGHER BIOLOGICAL VALUES AND VITAMINS.
- SOME CASES MAY REQUIRE SPECIFIC RX: PYOMETRA, HEARTWORM
- COURSE OF ANTIBIOTICS
- IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS
- REGULAR MONITORING OF DEGREES OF PROTEINURIA
- LEVELS OF UREA AND CREATININE
- ANTIPLATELET THERAPY WITH ASPIRIN 5 MG /KG
INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS:
- Rest
- little exercise
- The protein of high Biological Value
- Drinking large amounts of quality water
- Dilution of urine is necessary as e.coli is well in conc.urine
- Antibiotics
- Dextrose
- B complex
- Antacids
- Corticosteroids
- the pH of the urine should be adjusted with appropriate measures
![Nephritis In Dogs Nephritis In Dogs](https://vetstudyhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/WhatsApp-Image-2019-09-24-at-22.16.23.jpeg)
Note:
- DURATION OF TREATMENT FOR URINARY INFECTION IS 10-14 DAYS
- AMINOGLYCOSIDES CAUSES ACUTE TUBULAR NEPHROSIS
- ANTIBIOTICS AMOXICILLIN/AMPICILLIN +CLOXACILIN CEFTRIAXONE SHOULD BE FOLLOWED.
- ROBERTS TEST, MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION, KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST HELPFUL IN DIAGNOSIS
- RENAL HEALTH DIET OF ROYAL CANIN SHOULD BE GIVEN
- LOW FAT AND SODIUM DIETS SHOULD BE GIVEN
Conclusion
Do regular deworming & Vaccination and check regularly Urination. Thank You.